Use of sewage sludge biochar as a catalyst in production of biodiesel through thermally induced transesterification

Abstract Sewage sludge (SS) is a residual/semi-solid material produced from industrial and municipal wastewater treatment processes. SS contains high content of lipids earth alkaline metals that can be used as catalysts for various chemical applications; however, its valorization has rarely been the focus research. This study demonstrates could promising raw biodiesel production biochar catalyst to promote reaction kinetics alkylation. Thermally induced transesterification extract (SSE) was performed in comparison with conventional homogeneous reaction. fabricated via pyrolysis. The highest yield (33.5 wt.% per SSE) achieved 1 min at 305 °C thermally presence biochar, while (trans)esterification 5 H 2 SO 4 less than 1% even after 24 h. (< min) extraordinarily faster (3–24 h). porous structure species expedited kinetics. Consequently, integrated/hybridized process pyrolysis solid residue experimentally proved this study. Considering being disposed waste generates toxic chemicals environment, into value-added an environmentally benign sustainable technique. Graphical